Durons were the old budget line during the Athlon and Athlon XP days. They're roughly equivalent to the old Celerons from the Pentium 3/4.
do they go under smprons on the amd scale. i have; for amd. phenoms > athlons > semprons. [im also guessing athlon xps are better than athlons.]
Phenom > Athlon X2> Athlon 64 > Sempron > Athlon XP > Athlon > Duron. Not including various Opterons.
What Krikkit said, except some of the current Semprons will be above the A64 Oh and the Athlon 64 X2 will be between the Athlon X2 and the Athlon 64. And the current Athlon somewhere between the A64 and Phenom. Yeah it's complicated.
http://forums.bit-tech.net/showpost.php?p=1715110&postcount=292 You can see the difference between my Duron then my modestly overclocked Core2Duo (rubbish mobo, just ordered a P35 (and SuperPI only uses one core of the two available)). 20 seconds to 2 minutes, big big big difference
Opterons are AMD's server chips, like Intel's Xeon. There are only a handful that were compatible with desktop motherboards around the Athlon 64 era.
I hope this isn't rude to ask, but what exactly are you looking for? A lot of the CPUs you mention are pretyt old. In the case of the Duron, it's like 4 generations old. I assume you are shopping based on price. What are you lookging to do with the system, and what is your budget? Maybe that could help us steer you towards something in particular rather than trying to run through a brief history of 21st century CPUs.
Budget is low so im shopping round for different things. Dont know really. Just 4gb DDR2 - thats were i am atm. I dont weather to go with intel or AMD.